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From April until October the climate is almost constantly dry and sunny. Although summer can be very hot, the nights arc relatively cool; occasional, sometimes spectacular, storms are short-lived. Even the wettest months of  December to February, are usually mild, with fair sunshine.

The Rock, honeycombed with tunnels and caverns used for military installations, roads and the   storage of  fuel and water.

There are several small sandy beaches, but there is little flat land except near the isthmus.

Palms, olives, and flowering shrubs clothe the lower Rock and, except in summer, wild flowers in astonishing variety flourish on its heights.

The Moors, who invaded the Rock in A.D. 711, held it until 1462, when the Spanish supplanted them. Spain remained in control until, in 1704, an Anglo-Dutch force took over. In 1713 it was ceded by treaty to Britain and grew into a considerable military and naval base.